What is Postpartum OCD? Symptoms & Impact On New Mothers

For more information on the topic of OCD, hear from our expert, Shakira Akabusi.

Postpartum Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder that can occur after a child is born, manifesting in various distressing symptoms. Typically, this is characterised by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours that can significantly impact the well-being of new mothers. In this blog post, we will explore the symptoms of postpartum OCD, how it affects those who experience it, and the importance of seeking help and support.

What is Postpartum OCD?

Postpartum OCD is a form of OCD that occurs after childbirth. It involves persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (compulsions) that are intended to reduce the anxiety caused by these thoughts. These symptoms can interfere with the mother’s ability to care for herself and her baby, leading to significant distress and impairment.

Key Symptoms of Postpartum OCD

Postpartum OCD can present a range of symptoms that fall into two main categories - obsessions and compulsions. Understanding these symptoms can help recognise the condition and seek appropriate treatment.

Obsessions

Obsessions are unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses that cause significant anxiety or distress. Common obsessions in postpartum OCD include:

• Fear of Harm:

  New mothers may experience intense fear that they might accidentally harm their baby, such as dropping the baby or unintentionally causing injury.

• Contamination Concerns:

  There may be an overwhelming fear that the baby is exposed to germs, dirt, or toxins, leading to excessive worries about cleanliness and hygiene.

• Intrusive Thoughts:

  These can include distressing, unwanted thoughts about harming the baby or doubts about being a good mother. It’s important to note that these thoughts are not reflective of the mother’s desires or intentions.

Compulsions

Compulsions are repetitive behaviours or mental acts performed in response to obsessions in an attempt to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared event. Common compulsions in postpartum OCD include:

• Tapping and Counting:

  As described in the question, some individuals feel compelled to perform rituals, such as tapping or counting, a specific number of times. This behaviour is intended to provide a sense of calm or completeness.

• Checking Behaviours:

  This can involve repeatedly checking on the baby to ensure they are safe, such as checking if they are breathing or if the environment is secure.

• Cleaning and Washing:

  Excessive handwashing or cleaning can occur in response to contamination fears, with mothers spending an inordinate amount of time sanitising objects or surfaces.

• Seeking Reassurance:

  New mothers might frequently seek reassurance from others that their baby is safe and that they are doing a good job, which can become a compulsion in itself.

The Emotional and Psychological Impact

Postpartum OCD can have a profound emotional and psychological impact on new mothers. The constant cycle of obsessions and compulsions can lead to feelings of guilt, shame, and anxiety, which may affect their ability to bond with their baby and enjoy motherhood.

• Increased Anxiety and Stress

The intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviours associated with postpartum OCD can lead to heightened levels of anxiety and stress. New mothers may feel constantly on edge, worried about the safety and well-being of their babies, and overwhelmed by the need to perform rituals.

• Feelings of Guilt and Shame

Many mothers with postpartum OCD experience feelings of guilt and shame about their thoughts and behaviours. They may worry that their thoughts make them a bad mother or that others will judge them for their compulsions, leading to social isolation and a reluctance to seek help.

• Impact on Bonding

The symptoms of postpartum OCD can interfere with the mother’s ability to bond with her baby. The constant worry and preoccupation with rituals can take time and energy away from positive interactions with the baby, potentially affecting the mother-child relationship.

Recognising and Seeking Help for Postpartum OCD

Recognising the symptoms of postpartum OCD can be the initial step toward seeking help and managing the condition. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of postpartum OCD, it’s important to reach out for support from healthcare professionals who specialise in maternal mental health.

• Consulting a Healthcare Professional

Healthcare professionals, such as psychiatrists or psychologists, can provide a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis of postpartum OCD. They can help distinguish between normal postpartum stress and more serious symptoms that require treatment.

• Therapy and Counselling

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), particularly Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), is highly effective in treating OCD. This type of therapy helps individuals to face their fears gradually and reduce the compulsive behaviours that maintain the cycle of OCD.

• Medication

In some cases, medication such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) can be prescribed to help symptom management for postpartum OCD. Medication can be an important part of a comprehensive treatment plan, especially when combined with therapy.

• Support Groups

Joining a support group for new mothers or others with postpartum OCD can provide a sense of community and understanding. Sharing experiences with others facing similar challenges can provide valuable emotional support and practical advice.

Understanding and Managing Postpartum OCD

Postpartum OCD is a serious condition that can significantly impact new mothers. Recognising the symptoms and understanding the emotional and psychological effects are crucial steps in seeking help and managing the condition. With the right support and treatment, it is possible to reduce the symptoms of postpartum OCD and enjoy a fulfilling and healthy experience of motherhood.